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{"id":40959,"date":"2020-02-21T14:31:16","date_gmt":"2020-02-21T07:31:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pecihitam.org\/?p=40959"},"modified":"2020-02-21T14:43:02","modified_gmt":"2020-02-21T07:43:02","slug":"perkembangan-islam-di-eropa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pecihitam.org\/perkembangan-islam-di-eropa\/","title":{"rendered":"Begini Awal Perkembangan Islam di Eropa"},"content":{"rendered":"

PeciHitam.org – <\/strong>Islam pertama kali masuk ke Eropa melalui jalur perluasan kekuasaan pada masa Daulah Bani Umayah<\/a>, di bawah kepemimpinan Khalifah Al-Walid. Daulah Bani Umayah pada saat itu bermarkas di Damaskus. Karena merekalah perkembangan Islam di Eropa mulai terlihat.<\/p>\n

Thariq bin Ziad diutus oleh Gubernur Afrika pada masa kepemimpinan Khalifah Al-Walid untuk memperluas wilayahnya ke Arika Utara. Peristiwa ini terjadi sekitar tahun 709 Masehi. Singkat cerita Thariq bin Ziad juga menjajakan kakinya hingga ke wilayah Spanyol.<\/p>\n

Setahun kemudian, yaitu pada tahun 710 Masehi, ia dan pasukannya kembali menyeberangi Laut Tengah menuju Spanyol dan mendarat di Jabal Thariq atau Gibraltar.<\/p>\n

Kedatangan Thariq bin Ziad dan pasukannya didengar oleh Raja Roderick atau Raja Spanyol kala itu. Sehingga peperangan tidak dapat terelakkan. Peperangan antara pasukan Thariq bin Ziad melawan Raja Roderick ini berlangsung selama delapan hari.<\/p>\n

Waktu yang cukup panjang. Singkatnya, pasukan Islam yang dipimpin Thariq bin Ziad menang dan Raja Spanyo dan pasukannya mundur ke arah barat laut. Lambat laun, berawal pada masa Dinasti Umayah hingga Dinasti Abbasiyah, pemerintahan Islam didirikan dan berdiri kokoh di tanah Spanyol.<\/p>\n

Salah satunya wilayah Sevilla. Secara berturut-turut tombak kekuasaan Spanyol ini dipegang oleh Musa bin Nusyair, Abdul Aziz bin Musa bin Musyair, Abdur Rahman As Saqafi, Al Samah bin Malik, dan Abdur Rahman Al-Ghafiqi. Abdur Rahman al-Ghafiqi gugur dalam perang melawan Perancis dan digantikan oleh Yusuf Al-Fiqri.<\/p>\n

Pada masa pemerintahan Bani Abbasiyah, Abdur Rahman bin Mu\u2019awiyah bin Hisyam melarikan diri ke Spanyol dan mendirikan kekhalifahan di sana. Khalifah Abdur Rahman yang berhasil menaklukkan Spanyol itu diberi julukan Ad-Dakhil yang berarti sang Penakluk. Pemerintahan Islam tersebut akhirnya runtuh sekitar tahun 1492\u20131502 Masehi, setelah delapan abad memegang kekuasaan<\/p>\n

Delapan abad memegang kekuasaan di Eropa, tepatnya di Spanyol telah berhasil mencapai beberapa kemajuan, antara lain:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Banyak melahirkan ulama besar dalam bidang tasawuf, fikih, hadits dan lainnya. Salah satunya ialah Imam al-Auza\u2019i.<\/li>\n
  2. Keilmuan umum meliputi filsafat, kedokteran, astronomi juga tak kalah memberikan kontribusinya. Beberapa ulama tersebut antara lain Ibnu Rusydi, Al-Irqali, Al Majriti dan Ibnul Aflah.<\/li>\n
  3. Karya-karya arsitektur peninggalan Islam di Spanyol juga tak kalah hebatnya. Misalnya seperti Istana Ja\u2019fariah, Istana Al Hamra di Granada, Masjid Cordova, Masjid Sevilla dan Tembok Toledo, serta Istana Al-Makmun.<\/li>\n
  4. Masjid-masjid yang didirikan tidak hanya indah dalam segi arsitekturnya. Namun fungsinya juga bukan hanya sebagai tempat shalat saja, melainkan juga kegiatan-kegiatan sosial seperti zakat, Pendidikan al-Quran.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Runtuhnya kekuasaan Islam, direbut oleh Raja Ferdinand di Spanyol ini membuat aktivitas berbau Islam dibatasi. Beberapa muslim bahkan terusir, jika tidak ia harus masuk agama Kristen. Begitu juga penggunaan nama-nama Arab atau yang berbau Islam.<\/p>\n

    Bagi setiap pelanggarnya, hukuman penggal kepala telah menanti. Maka tidak heran jika kita mencari nama Ibnu Rusyd di Eropa dengan sebutan Averroes, Muhammad bin Zakariya ar-Razi dengan sebutan Rhazes, Ibnu Sina dengan sebutan Avicenna.<\/p>\n

    Wilayah Granada merupakan wilayah terakhir yang dilepas oleh pemerintahan Islam Spanyol pada tahun 1610. Ada sekitar 50.000 umat muslim yang diusir tanpa membawa perbekalan sedikitpun. Hal ini mengakibatkan sebagian besar dari mereka meninggal di perjalanan.<\/p>\n

    Di masa selanjutnya, Spanyol seolah ingin balas dendam dengan menjajah negara lainnya demi mengumpulkan kekuasaan dan kekayaan yang dijajahnya. Sebelum abad kedelapan belas, hampir sudah tidak ada yang tersisa dari hubungan antara Eropa dan Islam.<\/p>\n

    Setelah penjajahan tersebut berakhir, kemudian banyak para imigran muslim yang memutuskan merantau atau bahkan menetap di Eropa. Baik niat awalnya untuk belajar menuntut ilmu ataupun bekerja. Mulailah Islam berkembang di sana.<\/p>\n

    Muslim semakin banyak di Eropa dari hari ke hari. Sehingga dibentuklah organisasi yang memayungi Islam yang bernama Young Muslim Association in Europa<\/em> (YMAE). Organisasi inilah yang bertanggung jawab untuk mengembangkan dakwah untuk mengenalkan Islam kepada masyarakat Eropa pada umumnya.<\/p>\n

    Begitulah sedikit kisah tentang bagaimana perkembangan Islam di Eropa pada masa awal. Terlihat sedikit sulit namun lambat laun bisa diterima dengan baik dan terus berkembang hingga saat ini.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    PeciHitam.org – Islam pertama kali masuk ke Eropa melalui jalur perluasan kekuasaan pada masa Daulah Bani Umayah, di bawah kepemimpinan Khalifah Al-Walid. Daulah Bani Umayah pada saat itu bermarkas di Damaskus. Karena merekalah perkembangan Islam di Eropa mulai terlihat. Thariq bin Ziad diutus oleh Gubernur Afrika pada masa kepemimpinan Khalifah Al-Walid untuk memperluas wilayahnya ke […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":40963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[10148],"yoast_head":"\nBegini Awal Perkembangan Islam di Eropa - Pecihitam.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Daulah Bani Umayah pada saat itu bermarkas di Damaskus. Karena merekalah perkembangan Islam di Eropa mulai terlihat. 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