Bani Quraidhah<\/a><\/strong>. Perbedaan pengambilan hukum terjadi pada pelaksanaan sholat Ashar. <\/p>\n\n\n\nPasukan pernah mendengar Nabi bersabda \u201claksanakanlah sholat Ashar di Bani Quraidhah\u201d<\/em>. Akan tetapi, belum sampai di Bani Quraidhah, waktu sudah menunjukkan hampir berakhirnya sholat Ashar. Pasukan kebingungan antara melaksanakan perintah Nabi atau melaksanakan sholat Ashar tepat waktu. <\/p>\n\n\n\nSetelah melalui pemkiran panjang, sebagian pasukan melaksanakan sholat Ashar di perjalanan. Sedangkan sebagian yang lain melaksanakan sholat Ashar di bani Quraidhah. Perbedaan yang terjadi, Nabi benarkan keduanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dalam perkembangannya, metode ijtihad diwariskan secara turun temurun kepada para shahabat hingga ulama. Ijtihad menjadi solusi di tengah permasalahan yang kian mengembang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Di masa khalifah Abu Bakar, metode ijtihad salah satunya dipakai untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pembangkang zakat. Khalifah Umar memakai ijtihad untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pembayaran tentara menggunakan harta baitul mal. Sedangkan pada masa khalifah Usman, beliau menggunakan ijtihad pada permasalahan adzan Jum\u2019at dua kali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Karena pentingnya ijtihad sebagai metode pengambilan hukum, maka dibentuk tendensi syarat untuk menentukan mujtahid (orang yang berijtihad). Setidaknya ada tujuh syarat seseorang bisa memperoleh gelar mujtahid antara lain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Pertama, paham seluk beluk bahasa Arab.<\/li>
- Kedua, paham sumber hukum. <\/li>
- Ketiga, mengetahui metode istimbat hukum. <\/li>
- Keempat, mengetahui maqosid Syari\u2019at. <\/li>
- Kelima, harus mengetahui tempat-tempat ijma. <\/li>
- Keenam, keyakinan harus benar. <\/li>
- Ketujuh, harus punya niat yang baik.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Tujuh syarat inilah yang menjadikan ulama-ulama sebagai pemikir ulung. Bahkan sda beberapa ulama yang tidak hanya berhasil mencapai ketujuh syarat tersebut, namun juga mempunyai nalar lebih untuk menemukan hukum berdasarkan berbagai macam ilmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dari ketujuh syarat tersebut, maka didapatkan empat tingkatan mujtahid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Pertama, Mujtahid Mutlak Mustakil, yaitu mujtahid yang memiliki pengethuan luas. Mereka memiliki kemampuan tendensi berpikir sesuai kaidah Ushul Fiqh<\/strong><\/a>. Level ini dimiliki oleh para sahabat, empat Imam madzhab, dan Imam at Tobari.<\/li>
- Kedua, Mujtahid Mutlak Ghairu Mustaqil, yaitu mujtahid yang tidak berijtihad dengan Ushul, jadi memakai kaidah berpikir Mujtahid Mutlak Mustaqil. Level ini dimiliki oleh para ulama yang mengikuti madzhab tertentu.<\/li>
- Ketiga, Mujtahid Muqayyad, yaitu mujtahid yang tidak berijtihad dalam hal usul maupun furu\u2019, akan tetapi mengikuti ushul dan furu\u2019 Imam madzhab. Dia berijtihad pada wilayah yang tidak dibahas Imam madzhabnya.<\/li>
- Keempat, Mujtahid Tarjih, yaitu mujtahid yang menimbang berbagai pendapat dalam madzhabnya, lalu dicari yang kuat.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Akibat ijtihad inilah kerangka hukum Islam menjadi kuat. Umat Islam tidak lagi buta akan suatu permasalahan. Ijtihad menjadikan umat Islam paham akan subtansi aturan yang termuat dalam Al-Qur\u2019an dan As-Sunnah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Para ulama selalu mengasah pikiran untuk menemukan solusi atas setiap perkembangan masalah yang ada pada masyarakat. Pembiasaan cara berpikir inilah yang nantinya bisa memajukan Islam dalam berbagai lini kehidupan. \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pecihitam.org – Al-Qur\u2019an dan As-Sunnah menjadi dua sumber hukum terkuat umat Islam. Keduanya berasal dari sumber yang sama yaitu Allah swt, dan sampaikan melalui Rasulullah saw. Di masa sekarang, nas-nas Al-Qur\u2019an dan As-Sunnah sudah dihentikan sejak wafatnya Rasulullah saw. Akan tetapi konsepsi hukum terus mengalami perkembangan seiring berjalannya peradaban. Hukum terus mengalami modifikasi dari waktu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":58968,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[2779,2758],"yoast_head":"\n
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